Assignment 15.2

Stages of Editing

The stages are referred to as Passes.

First Pass: Construct the Primary Audio Narrative- The main audio of a video is made first by
putting the performance-based segments of a story as dialog, sound bites, narration, and voiceovers into the timeline of the video in sequential order from the beginning to the end.

Second Pass: Insert B-Roll and Natural Sound- With the main audio portion of the video done, you can jump back to the head of the timeline to begin inserting B-Roll and natural sound. One of the purposes of the B-Roll is to fill in holes in the video track where only audio at the moment exists.

Third Pass: Insert Titles and Graphics- Once all of the video clips are in position in the timeline you are ready to begin inserting lower-thirds and graphics. A graphic should appear on screen long enough for the viewer to read it.

Fourth Pass: Add Sound Effects and Music- Not every project requires music and sound effects, but when you do want to include them in a project, it's usually best to hold off on doing so until the basic structure of the story is sufficiently developed. An exception to this is of course a music video.

Fifth Pass: Add Transitions and Effects- Once all the clips have been inserted into the timeline and you are satisfied with where they are placed, you can begin the process of adding transitions and effects. Trimming and repositioning clips after transitions have been attached can be hard and time-consuming, so it's best to add them near the backend of post-production.

Sixth Pass: Finishing Touches- Before closing out an editing project, there will be lots of minor details to attend to. You will spend lots of time making minute adjustments to the placement of clips and the timing of transitions, titles, effects, and so forth as you work to refine and polish the overall presentation of the video until it is finally done and ready to be shown.

Assignment 15.1

Sound Bites- Piece of audio usually taken from an interview or speech.

Stand Ups- A narrator who is on screen. Like a news reporter who appears and tells the story in front of the camera.

Narration- An audio clip of someone describing or explaining what's going on during the shot.

Natural Sound- This means that the natural noises in the background (insects, rushing water, cars driving by, etc.) can be heard.

Foley- Sound effects added during the post-production of a movie, tv show, or short film. An example is the Whiff, Bam, Pow sound effects used in a fight scene during the cheesy Adam West Batman series.

Assignment 14,2

The Three Lights That Make Up The 3 Point Lighting Principle

1. Key Light- The brightest light that is used to show the basic shape of the subject being illuminated.

2. Fill Light- Shines at the opposite angle of the Key Light. It is used to get rid of falloff and soften the shadow made by the Key Light.

3. Backlight- It helps separate the subject from the background by defining and highlighting the subject's hair and shoulders.

Assignment 14.1

The 180 Rule
The 180 rule basically that means when filming the camera can't go past an invisible line between two characters or items called the "Axis of Action." The camera can go only 180 degrees around the characters. If you cross the line the shots will not work and will create inconsistences in your video.

Assignment 13.2

My top 5 of the 10 tips for shooting effective interviews. 

These top 5 come from my personal experience when me and a few classmates interviewed many people for a tribute video for a man who had passed away for a videography class.

1. Avoid placing the interviewee directly against a wall.
I learned this the hard way when my group and me were interviewing a man in a small office with a white wall.
The best way to avoid this from happening is to keep your subject a several feet away from the wall when shooting the interview.

2. Avoid placing the interviewee in front of a window.
Another lesson I learned the hard way when we tried to interview someone in front of a window.
Avoid windows because they can let in more light that can make it hard to see the subject.

3. Avoid swivel chairs.
This is really important. You would not believe how times we had to reshoot because the subject kept moving when being interviewed. There is something about swivel chairs that make people want to swivel left or right. The best way to fix this is of course making the subject sit in a regular chair.

4. Eliminate distracting background mergers and clutter.
Try to chose a location that has less going on in the background such as multiple people in the background. The less going on the better.

5. Monitor audio and video recording.
This one is the big one to follow. If you don't monitor your recoding properly you may end up with unusable video and audio and then have to reshoot which can be difficult if the interviewee is a busy person like for example a college professor or a dean. So always check to see if you got the audio and video properly and if not you will be able to reshoot right there on the spot and not waste time and effort.

Assignment 13.1

THE FOUR VARIABLES OF FIELD OF VIEW

1. Camera Location- The physical area where the camera is placed. Pay careful attention to where the camera is put because it will determine what is in the shot.

2. Camera Angle- The angle at which the camera is positioned. There are a couple different angles that can be used such as low or high for examples. These angles can be used to influence the message of the shot. 

3. Subject Location- The location of the subject you are shooting. Depending on where you are shooting you may be able to move the subject around to fit your needs such as lighting, setting, and pretty much every aspect of the shot.

4. Focal Length- This determines what part of the scene is included in the shot. This can be done by zooming in or out.

Assignment 12.2

Audio Questions

1.  Why should you use an external microphone?
You'll be able to pick the right mic for the right occasion. You'll be able to have greater control over the location of your mic when you use an external.

2. What are the two ways to monitor your audio recording?
VU-meter- Shows you the sound through a monitor that shows the sound's intensity via colors the range from yellow to red and uses decibel units to measure.
Headphones- It lets you listen to the audio signal while it's being recorded.

Assignment 12.1

Microphones

Handheld- Mainly when I see Handhelds being used is by a musician at a concert or during an event like a convention where they are announcing upcoming events happening during the convention or during a raffle when they are announcing the winners. One of the main reasons for using them in these instances is that they have no cord that limits their distance from the audio controls or speakers. 

Lavalier- I mainly see these at church in the pulpit which is used by the pastor or staff. I do on occasion see these being used by street musicians and musicians at local bars. A main reason that this type is used is because of the fact that they can be used hands free. 

Shotgun- These are used in collecting audio when shooting interviews, promo videos, or in my personal experience shooting a low budget film. It's great for shooting videos in small rooms and also when you don't have enough mics for all the actors in the scene you are shooting.  

Boundary (or table) mic- These are mainly mounted on tables or walls. These mics are great for recording conferences with several people talking in the room. They can be used for recording in a theater, church, or during a concert. 

Assignment 11.2

1. Describe the steps for adjusting the white balance on a camcorder or digital film camera.

Step 1. Locate the manual or custom white balance option on the camera.

Step 2. Aim at a white card or sheet of paper with the camera. The card or sheet should reflect the same light source hitting it.

Step 3. Zoom in on card or sheet so that it fills 80-100% of the frame with white. Make sure focus and exposure settings are properly set.

Step 4. Hold the set button until the camera confirms white balance has been acquired.

2. Describe the steps for adjusting the manual white balance on a DSLR (this is NOT in the book, and many more people are shooting video, especially corporate and lower budget work, with a DSLR.  You will need to research this! If you want a camera for reference, use the common Canon T6 DSLR)

Hit the white balance button found on the right. It is set to auto you can change it from Daylight to Tungsten light and so forth via clicking the arrow keys. Keep hitting the right arrow until you come to custom. Save it on your menu to get the correct exposure.

Assignment 11.1

1.  Why should you avoid using autofocus when doing videography?
 
Autofocus focuses mainly on the main subject. So if you want to capture the background or a moving shot use manual focus because if not you will get a blurred background or moving shot. 

2.  When is using the autofocus acceptable?

It can used if you are shooting a scene with little movement like for example a scene where there is nothing but dialogue between characters.

3.  What are the 4 steps to properly set your focus manually when shooting a static subject (such as an interview)?

Set camera to manual focus, zoom in on your subject's eyes, adjust your camera so that the subject's eyes are in focus, and then zoom out to compose the shot.

4.  What does the term "rack focus" mean?

This refers to changing the focus of the lens during a shot.

Assignment 10.2

Assignment 10.2

1.  What is meant by White Balancing a camera?

Basically balancing the color contrast to help make an image look better.

2. What is considered the "golden hour"?

The time before sunset and the time after sunrise.

3.  What is the color temperature of daylight, and what is its general hue?

The color temperature is 5600 Kelvin Units. This varies due to weather and time periods in the day. It's general hue is a white/blue.

4.  What is the color temperature of an interior fluorescent light, and what is its general hue?

The temperature is 3500 Kelvin Units. The hue is white.

5.  Embed an image of incorrect white balance. 

Assignment 10.1

Assignment 10.1

1.  Explain the Exposure Triangle.

The Exposure Triangle is a term which is widely used by photographers to refer to the three main components of a camera system that a photographer adjusts to control exposure. The three components are aperture, ISO, and shutter speed. The use of these components determine how the photo will turn out.

2.  List the 3 components and what each controls. 

1.) Aperture- The hole in a lens that controls how much light is allowed to enter the camera body. This affects the brightness of the photo because of the aperture being small or large.

2.) ISO- A setting used on a camera to darken or lighten a photo. 

3.) Shutter Speed- The speed of how fast a camera's shutter shuts. Can be used to control the motion of subject and can be used to add a blur effect. 

Assignment 9.2

1.  Define Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio is an indicator of the proportional relationship of the width to the height of the screen and is depicted with the expression x:y, where x equals the number of units wide and y equals the number of units high.

2.  List the aspect ratios for the following formats:

• 10" tablet (9.7" display): 4:3
• Smartphone (4.7" display): 667:375
• Leaderboard Ad: 364:45
• HDTV: 16:9

3.  Explain the difference between Interlaced & Progressive scanning.  Embed an image(s) that illustrate each. 

Interlaced scanning scans each frame of an image which is captured in two parts and is transmitted separately, one field at a time. Progressive scanning scans the lines of an image from top to bottom. Interlaced is used mainly for TV while Progressive is used mainly for computers.

Assignment 9.1

1.  Define Graphic & Image.  What is the difference in the two? 

Graphic is a type of visual presentation that can be seen on a physical surface like a drawing, illustration, symbol, etc. Image is a 2D or 3D representation of a person, animal, object, or in the real world that can be still or in motion.

2.  Explain the difference between Raster & Vector images.  

Raster images are made up of pixels while Vector images are made up of mathematical paths and lines. Vector images can be scaled to make the image larger and it will not lose it's quality; while Raster images would come out messy.

3.  Why should you avoid upscaling whenever possible?

Upscaling can possibly ruin the image because when you upscale you don't redefine the pixel count or structure of the image.  

4.  What is the difference between Aliased and Anti-Aliased text? 

Aliased text has that stair step/ jagged-edge effect to it due to it being made from squared pixels; while anti-aliased smooths out that effect.

 

Assignment 8.1

The difference between Kerning and Leading is as follows on the next sentence. Kerning is the space between letters while Leading is the space between lines of text.

Here is a bad example of Kerning

Assignment 7.2

Target Audience- People of all ages but especially those 20 and above. We would cater for all occasions but mostly weddings and parties.

Home Screen- Contains Pictures of the store's location and the interior. As well as a photo of the owners and staff. At the bottom of screen is the store's contact info and link to social media page on Facebook.

About Screen- Contains the store's Mission Statement (basically a small speech how they dedicate themselves to high standards), information about the owners, info about what ingredients they use, and contact information and link to Facebook page.

Services Screen- On the left side is a list of types of events the store caters to with a photo of an event the store had catered. On the right is a list of in-store services and a photo of the inside of the store during business hours. Also the contact info and Facebook link on the bottom.

Menu Screen- List of drinks with pictures of them on the left column, list of cakes with pictures of them in the middle column, list of pastries with pictures of them on the right column. Also the contact info and link to the Facebook page at the bottom.

Assignment 7.1

                                      What Is A HTML?

HTML is short for Hypertext Markup Language. It describes the structure of Web Pages.

HTML files are essentially text files that can used to create Web Pages that use tags around text at certain points. 

                        What are the sections of an HTML document?

The HTML documents are made up of three sections: Declarations, Head, and Body.

Declarations tells you what HTML you are using. The Head shows you what the Body is doing.

The Body is full of information and code that controls where the information shows up.

                           What is found in the HTML head content?

It holds the information used to help the computer find what it needs to interpret the HTML document and how it should use it.  

Assignment 6.3

Usability- measures the experience a user has with a user interface.

The five different criteria of Usability

1. Learnability- the speed at which a user can complete basic tasks on an interface they have never used before.

2. Efficiency- how fast a user can finish tasks after learning how to use the interface.

3. Memorability- basically if a user can remember how to use an interface if they have been away from the interface for a certain amount of time.

4. Error Management- three ways to create a good interface

1) reduce the numbers of errors a user might make.

2) decrease the severity of each error.

3) make it easier for users to recover from errors.

5. Satisfaction- if a user had a good experience with the interface. If other user's enjoyed the interface.

Assignment 6.2

Vertical Dropdown Menu

Horizontal Dropdown Menu

Accordion